| Section 1 | Overview | |||
| Originator | Fugro Horizons, Inc., and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources | |||
| Title | LiDAR Elevation, Twin Cities Metro Region, Minnesota, 2011 | |||
| Abstract | Fugro Horizons Inc. acquired highly accurate Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) elevation data for the Twin Cities metropolitan region in east-central Minnesota in Spring and Fall 2011, with some reflights in Spring 2012. The data cover Anoka, Benton, Carver, Dakota, Goodhue, Hennepin, Isanti, Kanabec, Meeker, Mille Lacs, Morrison, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne and Washington counties.
Most of the data was collected at 1.5 points/square meter. Smaller areas were collected with 2 points/square meter and with 8 points/square meter: 1. 1.5 points/square meter covers Morrison, Mille Lacs, Benton, Isanti, Sherburne, Anoka, Meeker, Hennepin, Washington, Carver, Scott, and Goodhue counties. 2. 2 points/square meter covers the Dakota Block (southern 2/3 of Dakota County) 3. 8 points/square meter covers portions of Minneapolis/St. Paul and the City of Maple Grove See map of block boundaries: lidar.dnr.state.mn.us/documentation/status/metro_data_delivery_dates.pdf Data are in the UTM Zone 15 coordinate system, NAD83 NAVD88 Geoid09 meters. The tiling scheme is 16th USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle tiles. The vendor delivered the data to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) in several formats: 1. One-meter digital elevation model 2. Edge-of-water breaklines 3. Classified LAS formatted point cloud data DNR staff quality-checked the data and created two additional products: two-foot contours and building outlines. Note: This metadata record was created at the Minnesota Geospatial Information Office using information supplied by the vendor and by DNR. | |||
| Purpose | The Minnesota Elevation Mapping Project was initiated to support the development of high accuracy land surface information for the purposes of improving water quality, flood emergency preparedness and response, floodplain mapping, transportation planning and design, recreational planning and design, urban planning and to provide more efficient and effective project planning and execution. This project was primarily funded by the Clean Water Fund of the Clean Water, Land and Legacy Amendment.
For more about the Project, see: www.mngeo.state.mn.us/committee/elevation/mn_elev_mapping.html | |||
| Time Period of Content Date | 2011 | |||
| Currentness Reference | Spring and Fall 2011 and Spring 2012.
Dates for specific blocks (map of block boundaries: lidar.dnr.state.mn.us/documentation/status/metro_data_delivery_dates.pdf ) Block A: 5-11-11 to 5-15-11 Block B: 5-11-11 to 5-15-11 Block C: 5-10-11 Block D: 4-29-11 to 5-8-11 Block E: 4-25-11 Block F: 11-13-11 to 11-17-11, reflight 3-25-12 Block G: 11-11-11 to 11-12-11, reflight 3-24-12 Block H: 11-12-11 to 11-13-11, reflight 3-28-12 Block X (a section that had to be reflown because of inadequate overlap of flight lines): 4-25-11 and 11-15-11, reflight 3-24-12 to 3-28-12 Dakota Block: 11-12-11 to 11-15-11 Metro Block and Maple Grove Block: 11-02-11 to 11-15-11 | |||
| Progress | Complete | |||
| Maintenance and Update Frequency | As needed | |||
| Spatial Extent of Data | Twin Cities metropolitan region, Minnesota | |||
| Bounding Coordinates | 94.714600 92.120234 46.395540 44.211950 | |||
| Place Keywords | Minnesota, Anoka, Benton, Carver, Dakota, Goodhue, Hennepin, Isanti, Kanabec, Meeker, Mille Lacs, Morrison, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne, Washington counties | |||
| Theme Keywords | elevation, LiDAR, DEM, digital elevation model, contour, topographic, topo, DTM, LAS, breakline | |||
| Theme Keyword Thesaurus | ISO 19115 | |||
| Access Constraints | All data is in the public domain and there are no access constraints. | |||
| Use Constraints | See Disclaimer field for complete use conditions. | |||
| Contact Person Information | Tim Loesch,
GIS Section Manager Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 500 Lafayette Rd St. Paul, MN 551554011 Phone: 651-259-5475 Email: tim.loesch@state.mn.us | |||
| Browse Graphic | None available | |||
| Associated Data Sets | For more information about elevation data for Minnesota, see: www.mngeo.state.mn.us/chouse/elevation/index.html | |||
| Section 2 | Data Quality | |||
| Attribute Accuracy | GPS phase data was post processed with continuous kinematic survey techniques using "On the Fly" (OTF) integer ambiguity resolution. The GPS data was processed with forward and reverse processing algorithms. The results from each process, using the data collected at the airport and in project area, were combined to yield a single fixed integer phase differential solution of the aircraft trajectory. The differences between the forward to reverse solution within the project area were within project specifications, indicating a valid and accurate solution. An IMU was used to record precise changes in position and orientation of the LIDAR scanner at a rate of 200 Hz. All IMU data was processed post flight with a filter to integrate inertial measurements and precise phase differential GPS positions. The resulting solution contains geodetic position, omega, phi, kappa, and time for subsequent merging with the laser ranging information. | |||
| Logical Consistency | All deliverables were quality checked by MN DNR and passed inspection. | |||
| Completeness | Complete | |||
| Horizontal Positional Accuracy | Meets or exceeds horizontal accuracy of 0.6m RMSE. | |||
| Vertical Positional Accuracy | REPORT FROM THE VENDOR:
Vertical accuracy of the LiDAR data will be assessed and reported in accordance with the guidelines developed by the NDEP (National Digital Elevation Program) and subsequently adopted by the ASPRS (American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing). The complete guidelines may be found in Section 1.5 of the www.ndep.gov/NDEP_Elevation_Guidelines_Ver1_10May2004.pdf Vertical accuracy requirements using the NDEP/ASPRS: 1. 1.5 points/square meter areas: Sub-Project A 24.5cm ACCz, 95% (12.5cm RMSEz) 2. The higher density areas (Dakota Block, Metro Block and Maple Grove Block): 17.64cm ACCz 95% (9.0cm RMSEz) REPORTS FROM MINNESOTA DNR: True accuracy values: Metro Block - 5 cm Dakota Block - 10.8 cm Maple Grove Block - 8.3 cm See the complete Vertical Validation Reports in each folder on the data download FTP site; for example, the report for the Maple Grove Block is here: ftp.lmic.state.mn.us/pub/data/elevation/lidar/projects/metro/block_maple_grove/maple_grove_vertical_validation_report.pdf | |||
| Lineage | VENDOR PROCESSING STEPS:
(See map of block boundaries: lidar.dnr.state.mn.us/documentation/status/metro_data_delivery_dates.pdf ) 1. Specifications for Blocks A-H (1.5 points/square meter): The settings for the Leica sensor ALS50-II MPiA included acquisition at 6,600' AMT, 130 knots, pulse rate 99,500Hz, scan rate 27.28Hz, 40 degree field of view, 4,805ft swath width, maximum along track spacing (occurs at FOV edge) of 2.45m in overlap areas, maximum cross track spacing (occurs at Nadir) 1.24m, 3sigma post spacing of 1.4m and 3sigma point density of 0.65 points per square meter. This sensor was also equipped with IPAS inertial measuring unit (IMU) and a dual frequency airborne GPS receiver. These settings were used to meet or exceed the following accuracy specification in flat areas with minimal vegetation. 24.5cm ACCz, 95% (12.5cm RMSEz) 29.4cm ACCz, 95% (15.0cm RMSEz) 29.4cm ACCz 95% (15.0cm RMSEz). 2. Specifications for the Dakota Block (2 points/square meter): The settings for the FLI-MAP sensor included acquisition at 2,700' AMT, 145 knots, 30% sidelap, 150kHz, 60% degree field of View, 3,116ft swath to attain an approximate 8 points per square meter. This sensor was also equipped with an inertial measuring unit (IMU) and a dual frequency airborne GPS receiver. These settings were used to meet or exceed the following accuracy specification in flat areas with minimal vegetation. 17.64cm ACCz 95% (9.0cm RMSEz) 24.5cm ACCz 95% (12.5cm RMSEz) 24.5cm ACCz 95% (12.5cm RMSEz). 3. Specifications for the Metro Block and the Maple Grove Block (8 points/square meter): The settings for the FLI-MAP sensor included acquisition at 2,100' AMT, 130 knots, 60% sidelap, 200kHz, 60% degree field of View, 2,424ft swath to attain an approximate 8 points per square meter. This sensor was also equipped with an inertial measuring unit (IMU) and a dual frequency airborne GPS receiver. These settings were used to meet or exceed the following accuracy specification in flat areas with minimal vegetation 17.64cm ACCz 95% (9.0cm RMSEz) 24.5cm ACCz 95% (12.5cm RMSEz) 24.5cm ACCz 95% (12.5cm RMSEz). The data set for each flight line was checked for project area coverage, data gaps between overlapping flight lines, and tension/compression areas (areas where data points are more or less dense that the average project specified post spacing). Using an iterative process that involves analyzing raster difference calculations the omega, phi, kappa angle corrections for the LiDAR instrument were determined. Corrections were applied to the LiDAR data set. Extensive comparisons were made of vertical and horizontal positional differences between points common to two or more LiDAR flight lines. An intensity raster for each flight line was generated and verified that intensity was recorded for each LiDAR point. LiDAR ground points were compared to independently surveyed and positioned ground control points in the project area. Based on the results of these comparisons, the LiDAR data was vertically biased to the ground. PRE-PROCESSING STAGE LiDAR, GPS and IMU data are processed together using LiDAR processing software. The LiDAR data set for each flight line is checked for project area coverage and LiDAR post spacing is checked to ensure it meets project specifications. The LiDAR collected at the calibration area is used to correct the rotational, atmospheric, and vertical elevation differences that are inherent to LiDAR data. Intensity raster is generated to verify that intensity was recorded for each LiDAR point. LiDAR data is transformed to the specified project coordinate system. By utilizing the ground survey data collected at the calibration site and project area, the LiDAR data is vertically biased to the ground. Comparisons between the biased LiDAR data and ground survey data within the project area are evaluated and a final RMSE value is generated to ensure the data meets project specifications. VENDOR DELIVERABLES Deliverables for the LiDAR are in UTM15N NAD83/HARN NAVD88 Geiod09 meters. Each geodatabase is named for its respective USGS quarter-quarter quad name; there is a tiling scheme feature class in the elevation_data file geodatabase. Every geodatabase contains a feature dataset called "terrain_data". The terrain_data feature dataset contains up to two feature classes: Bare_Earth_Points and Hydro_Breaklines (when applicable). The Bare-Earth_Points feature class is comprised of MultipointZ shapefiles extracted from the Ground and KeyPoint LAS files. Both the Bare_Earth_Points and Hydro-Breaklines have been clipped to the USGS quarter-quarter quad extent. Each geodatabase also contains a DEM. The DEM was created from a terrain using bare-earth multipoint PointZ and hydro-breaklines. The Terrain was then converted to a Raster DEM using a 1-meter cell-size, then clipped to an adjusted, quarter-quarter quad minimum-bounding rectangle and buffered an additional 50 meters. The naming convention for all DEMs is "DEM01". LAS files are clipped to the provided USGS quarter-quarter quad. For the higher density blocks (Dakota Block; Metro Block; Maple Grove Block), the vendor tiled the las files further, breaking each standard tile into 16 additional tiles. They are simply appended an A,B,C, or D starting in the upper left and proceeding in a clockwise direction. A sample image ( www.mngeo.state.mn.us/chouse/elevation/16tile_naming_convention.jpg ) taken from the tile index map that is on the FTP site, shows a single tile with the sub-block lettering scheme. A sample tile name would be: 4243-02-30_a_a.laz Water edges were created using proprietary processes to create an accurate 3D representation of water features. Further hands-on evaluations are performed to ensure compliance with USGS V13 regarding Hydro-Flattening. Once the waterbodies are finalized, LAS bare-earth points within the extents of the water polygons are classified to Class 9 (Water). Bare-earth points within 1-meter of the water polygons are re-classified to Class 10 (Ignored Class). ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS GENERATED BY MINNESOTA DNR STAFF: These products are in the geodatabase for each of the tiles: 1. Two-foot contours were created by resampling the 1-meter DEM to 3 meters, then smoothing the 3-meter grid using a neighborhood average routine, and then creating contours from this surface using standard ArcGIS processing tools. 2. Building outlines were created by extracting from the LAS files those points with Classification 6 (buildings), then grouping those points within 3 meters of each other into a single cluster and then creating an outline around those points. This was done using standard ArcMap tools. 3. Hillshades were created from the one- and three-meter DEMs using standard ArcMap tools. Azimuth value = 215, Altitude = 45, Z-Factor = 1 | |||
| Section 3 | Spatial Data Organization (not used in this metadata) | |||
| Section 4 | Coordinate System | |||
| Horizontal Coordinate Scheme | Universal Transverse Mercator | |||
| UTM Zone Number | 15 | |||
| Horizontal Datum | NAD83 | |||
| Horizontal Units | meters | |||
| Section 5 | Attributes | |||
| Overview | 1. LAS data were classified using the following standard ASPRS categories:
1 Unclassified 2 Ground (Bare Earth) 3 Low Vegetation (less than 1.1 meters) 4 Medium Vegetation (1.11 - 2.4 meters) 5 High Vegetation (2.41 - 200m) 6 Buildings 7 Noise 8 Model Keypoint 9 Water 10 Water Edge (withheld / ignored ground) (Bare-earth points within 1-meter of the water polygons are re-classified to Class 10) 11 Scan Edge (unreliable points near the extreme edge of swath) 12 Overlap (not used) 14 Bridge Decks 2. Contours Elevation: Integer value of elevation at contour Contour_type: - Index (10-foot contours) - Index Depression - Intermediate - Depression 3. Edge of Water Breaklines Type - Island: Island in a lake feature greater than 2 acres - Island Stream: Island in a stream feature greater than 2 acres - Lake: Lake feature greater than 2 acres - Stream: Riverine feature greater than 100 feet wide | |||
| Detailed Citation | ||||
| Table Detail: | ||||
| Section 6 | Distribution | |||
| Publisher | Minnesota Department of Natural Resources | |||
| Publication Date | 2012 | |||
| Contact Person Information | Nancy Rader,
GIS Data Coordinator Minnesota Geospatial Information Office 658 Cedar Street St. Paul, MN 55155 Phone: 651-201-2489 Fax: 651-296-3698 Email: clearing.house@state.mn.us | |||
| Distributor's Data Set Identifier | Twin Cities Metro LiDAR 2011 | |||
| Distribution Liability | 1. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources General Geographic Data License Agreement
1) The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) grants to you a non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, license to use these digital data. This License agreement applies to all digital data acquired from DNR staff, FTP sites, or other internet-based delivery systems. In the event that another license agreement issued by DNR staff is explicitly associated with a particular data set, the terms of the other license agreement prevail, and the terms expressed in this more general license agreement are nullified. 2) The MNDNR makes no representations about the suitability of these data for any purpose. The data are provided 'as is' without express or implied warranties, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. 3) MNDNR is not obligated to provide updates to these data in the event that newer versions become available. MNDNR provides documentation when available through established distribution mechanisms. 4) The user relieves the MNDNR and its respective officers, agents, and employees of any liability for any and all damages resulting from use of mis-use of these data including, but not limited to: a. Incidental, consequential, special or indirect damages of any sort, whether arising in tort, contract or otherwise, even if MNDNR has been informed of the possibility of such damages, or b. For any claim by any other party. Furthermore, in States that do not allow the exclusion of limitation of incidental or consequential damages, you may not use these data. 5) When these data are used in the development of digital or analog (hardcopy) products, MNDNR must be acknowledged as having contributed data to the development of the product. 6) Although the use of these data are not restricted, they may not be sold commercially or privately without the written permission of MNDNR. 2. MnGeo's data disclaimer is online: www.mngeo.state.mn.us/chouse/disclaimer.html | |||
| Ordering Instructions | The LiDAR data provided by DNR may be downloaded from an FTP site maintained by MnGeo by clicking on the link below. DNR provides the data as well as numerous help files on the site to assist with understanding LiDAR data and using it with GIS software.
The data can be downloaded either by: 1. County at: ftp.lmic.state.mn.us/pub/data/elevation/lidar/county/ or 2. Block at: ftp.lmic.state.mn.us/pub/data/elevation/lidar/projects/metro/ A map of block boundaries is at: lidar.dnr.state.mn.us/documentation/status/metro_data_delivery_dates.pdf For more help with Minnesota's LiDAR data, see www.mngeo.state.mn.us/chouse/elevation/lidar.html For the latest information on data availability and processing, see this publicly viewable page: https://www.facebook.com/minnesotalidar | |||
| Online Linkage | I AGREE to the notice in "Distribution Liability" above. Clicking to agree will either begin the download process or link to download information. See "Ordering Instructions" above for details. | |||
| Section 7 | Metadata Reference | |||
| Metadata Date | 02/20/2013 | |||
| Contact Person Information | Nancy Rader,
GIS Data Coordinator Minnesota Geospatial Information Office 658 Cedar Street St. Paul, MN 55155 Phone: 651-201-2489 Fax: 651-296-3698 Email: clearing.house@state.mn.us | |||
| Metadata Standard Name | Minnesota Geographic Metadata Guidelines | |||
| Metadata Standard Version | 1.2 | |||
| Metadata Standard Online Linkage | http://www.mngeo.state.mn.us/committee/standards/mgmg/metadata.htm | |||