Continental Mapping Consultants 20170901 Lidar point cloud The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) required high accuracy classified LiDAR data in combination with raster digital elevation models and hydrographic breaklines. For this effort, Continental Mapping Consultants (Continental) collected and processed high accuracy classified LiDAR data in .LAS format as well as a combination of raster digital elevation models. USGS-NGP Base Lidar Specification v1.2 Optech Gemini N/A 0.7071 2 0.7071 2 1402 125 16 43.6 70 N/A 0.46 N/A 1 N/A 802 50 National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Geoid12B 0.1 0.065 37 0.065 37 0.104 28 1.4 6 Withheld (ignore) points were identified in these files using the standard LAS Withheld bit Swath "overage" points were identified in these files using the standard LAS overlap bit. 16-bit 1 Undetermined/Unclassified 2 Bare earth 7 Low noise 9 Water 10 Ignored ground 17 Bridges 18 High Noise The Strategic Alliance For Risk Reduction (STARR II) has been tasked to provide the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) with topographic data for Branch county, Michigan. For this effort, Continental Mapping Consultants (Continental) collected, processed, and classified high accuracy LiDAR data. FEMA Contract No. HSFE05-16-J-0207 CONTRACTOR: STARR II SUBCONTRACTOR: Continental Mapping Consultants 20170322 20170424 ground condition Complete Unknown -85.2998883630 -84.8210102403 42.0739172759 41.7577483150 None Elevation Data LiDAR DTM Land Surface Bare Earth LAS DEM LAS Ground Control Point Cloud ERDAS Imagine Tile Index Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA IMG None Coldwater Branch County Michigan MI USA No restrictions apply to these data. None. However, users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this dataset was collected and that some parts of these data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of the limitations of the data. Acknowledgement of Continental Mapping Consultants would be appreciated for products derived from these data. Continental Mapping Consultants Ben Leonard mailing and physical address

121 S Bristol Street

Sun Prairie WI 53590 USA 888-815-3327 Data credit goes to Continental Mapping Consultants who was contracted by the Strategic Alliance For Risk Reduction (STARR II). N/A Unclassified N/A Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Professional; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2; Microstation CONNECT Edition Update 2 (version 10.02.00.39); TerraScan (version 017.021) Data cover the entire area specified for this project. These raw LAS data files include all data points collected. No points have been removed or excluded. A visual qualitative assessment was performed to ensure data completeness. No void areas or missing data exist. The raw point cloud is of good quality and data passes Non-vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) specifications. The specifications require that only Non-vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) can be computed for raw lidar point cloud swath files. The vertical accuracy was tested with 37 independent surveys located in open terrain. These check points were not used in the calibration or post processing of the lidar point cloud data. The survey check points were distributed throughout the project. Specifications for this project require that the NVA be 10 cm or better AccuracyZ at 95 percent confidence level. 0.065 meters AccuracyZ at 95 percent Confidence Interval The NVA was tested using 37 independent surveys located in open terrain. The survey check points were distributed throughout the project. The 37 independent check points were surveyed using the closed level loop technique. Elevations from the unclassified lidar surface were measured for the x,y location of each check point. Elevations interpolated from the lidar surface were then compared to the elevation values of the surveyed control. The RMSE was computed to be 0.033 meters. AccuracyZ has been tested to meet 6.5 cm Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy at 95 Percent confidence level using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA); assessed and reported using National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP)/ASRPS Guidelines. 0.104 meters AccuracyZ at 95 percent Confidence Interval The VVA was tested using 28 independent surveys located in open terrain. The survey check points were distributed throughout the project. The 28 independent check points were surveyed using the closed level loop technique. Elevations from the unclassified lidar surface were measured for the x,y location of each check point. Elevations interpolated from the lidar surface were then compared to the elevation values of the surveyed control. The RMSE was computed to be 0.053 meters. AccuracyZ has been tested to meet 10.4 cm Vegetated Vertical Accuracy at 95 Percent confidence level using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA); assessed and reported using National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP)/ASRPS Guidelines. Compass Data Inc. 20161101 tabular data Compass Data Inc. Compass Data Inc. None http://compassdatainc.com/ 50 CD-ROM 20170322 ground condition Branch_control_ptxyz This data source was used (along with the airborne GPS/IMU Data) to georeferencing of the lidar point cloud data. GRW Aerial Surveys, Inc. 20170424 point cloud data, tabular data GRW Aerial Surveys, Inc. GRW Aerial Surveys, Inc. None http://www.grwinc.com/ 50 CD-ROM 20170424 ground condition Branch_control_ptxyz This data source was used (along with the airborne GPS/IMU Data) to georeferencing of the lidar point cloud data. The base stations determine where LiDAR can be collected with the highest confidence of accuracy as determined by reading the same satellites in the aircraft and on the ground. Base stations typilcally are set at airports and provide coverage within 20 to 25 miles of the base if possible in order to cover in its entirety. Due to the timing constraints of weather and leaf off conditions requirement, and the high quality of the CORS network, the MIBC station located in Battle Creek and the MICW station located in Coldwater were used for this project. Both stations collect a 1 second sampling rate and are maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation. The purpose of boresighting is to determine the offset values for the IMU used in the LiDAR sensor. To determine the boresight offset values, the LiDAR sensor has to be flown in a certain configuration over a well-controlled site. The boresighting is done both prior to the flight of the project area and after. This insures that the quality of the LiDAR was maintained throughout the process. Branch_control_ptxyz 2016 Compass Data Inc. N/A mailing and physical

7074 S Revere Pkwy

Centennial CO 80112 USA 303-627-4058 The aerial survey teams were deployed at the first opportunity based on availability of acceptable weather conditions. Due to snow cover and lake effect precipitation, the flight was delayed until March. ALTM-Nav Planner software was utilized to conduct the final flight planning. The sensor used was an Optech Gemini, which is owned and operated by GRW Aerial Surveys, Inc. Due to weather conditions at the collection site or acquisition logistics, 14 total lifts were completed for collection. There were 90 project flight lines, and 6 cross flights collected of which 2 (lines 68 and 77) were used for calibrating. There was also 1 line (line 76) not used in production due to excessive cloud coverage that was successfully collected for coverage in an adjacent lift. The LiDAR acquisition started on March 22, 2017 and ended on April 24, 2017. Altitude: 5500 feet Aircraft Ground Speed: 125 knots Pulse Rate: 70.0 kHz Scan Rate: 43.6 Hz Full Field of View: 16 degrees Multi-Pulse: Yes Full Swath Width: 2630 feet Swath Overlap: 50% Average Point Density: 2.0 pts/m^2 Branch_control_ptxyz 2017 GRW Aerial Surveys, Inc. N/A mailing and physical

801 Corporate Drive

Lexington KY 40503 USA 859-223-3999 The Continental team utilized PosPac v7.1 software to process the sbet and precision files. Optech Lidar Mapping Suite v2.4.1.14540 was used for LAS creation. TerraMatch was then used to refine the calibration of the LiDAR dataset. The trajectory files and point cloud swaths are imported into GeoCue to perform project setup. This project set up phase sets the project parameters, tiling scheme, and is the platform for initial macro runs. After import, checkpoints are run against the point cloud to verify the accuracy of the data prior to classification. The detailed description of this process is below in 4.0 Accuracy Assessment. After verifying the accuracy, the processing continues. Multiple macros are run through TerraScan to flag overlap, and to classify the ground. Due to differing terrain, this step may take multiple iterations. Once the analyst has verified the results with the ground macro, the ground classification QC begins. During the QC phase, analysts are reclassifying the point cloud in areas where the macro was not able to, or were mis-classified. Multiple macros are run on the dataset after the ground classification is complete including water macros. The water macros utilize the hydro breaklines that were manually digitized. These digitized breaklines were classified as ponds and rivers. After the hydro features were digitized, the ponds were flattened. This process calculated the lowest elevation of the feature, and used that elevation to populate the remaining vertices. This process verifies that all ponds are flat. The river polygons that were digitized were ran against a monotonicity tool. This tool utilized the elevation of a centerline that had the correct elevation and pushed that elevation to the river polygon. This process not only maintains the monotonicity of the river, but also ensures that the river is flat from bank to bank. Then rigorous quality steps are performed each classification level. The bare earth lidar points that were within 3 feet of the water were classified to class 10. After the analysts have completed the QC process in TerraScan, raster files were produced into 32-bit floating GeoTiffs and Erdas Imagine IMG files using LP360. These files were created using only the ground class. The DEMS are ran against proprietary tools to identify any remaining potential blunders. Branch_control_ptxyz Source_Branch_Imagery 2017 Continental Mapping Consultants Ben Leonard mailing and physical

121 S Bristol Street

Sun Prairie WI 53590 USA 888-815-3327 The calibrated and controlled lidar files were processed using automatic point classification routines in proprietary software. These routines operate against the entire collection (all swaths, all lifts), eliminating character differences between files. The trajectory files and point cloud swaths were imported into GeoCue to perform project setup. This project set up phase set the project parameters, tiling scheme, and was the platform for initial macro runs. After import, checkpoints were run against the point cloud to verify the accuracy of the data prior to classification. After verifying the NVA accuracy, the processing continued. Multiple macros were run through TerraScan to classify low points, high points, ground, below surface etc. Geometrically unusable points below ground and above ground were classified to Withheld Low Noise (W7) and Withheld High Noise (W18). Points below ground surface that were identified as low points were classified to class 7. A bare earth ground surface was derived from the unclassed points and put to class 2 using a suitable macro function for the project's terrain type. Points above the treeline that were not identified as a feature were classified to class 18. Ground points inside of water features were classifed to class 9 to represent water and ground points outside of hydro features but within 3 feet of hydro breaklines were classified to class 10. All remaining points were classified to class 1. Final lidar LAS delivery classes for the fully classed LAS tiles consistent with ASPRS LAS classes to be compliant with USGS LiDAR Guidelines and Base Specifications v13 consist of: Class 1 - Unclassified; Class 2 - Ground; Class 7 – Low Noise; Class 9 - Water; Class 10 - Ignored Ground (including 3-foot buffer around water breaklines); Class 17 - Bridge; and Class 18 - High Noise. Once the analyst was comfortable with the ground macro results, the ground classification QC began using TerraScan. During the QC phase, analysts reclassified the point cloud in areas where the macro was not able to, or created misclassifications. The same rigorous quality steps were performed on each classification. Data were then distributed as virtual tiles to experienced lidar analysts for localized automatic classification, manual editing, and peer-based QC checks. Supervisory QC monitoring of work in progress and completed editing ensured consistency of classification character and adherence to project requirements across the entire project. Upon completion of point classification, an automated process was executed to turn any points to class 1 in the Fully Classified LAS files and to delete all points that fell outside of the provided project buffered boundary. Breaklines were digitized at water elevation for any bodies of water over the entire project area including streams greater than 100ft in nominal width, water bodies greater than 2.0 acres in area, and islands greater than 1.0 acre. A macro was then run to classify points that lay at nominal water elevation to class 9 from 2 that fell within bodies of water. Concurrently a 3-foot buffer zone around water polygons was derived from the ground class and put to class 10 as Ignored Ground. Water bodies and streams with flow were hydro-enforced using the Hydro shapefile to identify Ponds, Islands, and Double Line Drains to demonstrate the removal of unnatural surface artifacts in both ponds and streams and to show downward flow for streams. A DEM data set was generated for the Bare Earth LAS set as 32-bit Erdas Imagine .IMG files at a resolution of 2.0 ft (feet) supported by the Hydro Breaklines. Branch_control_ptxyz Source_Branch_Imagery 2017 Continental Mapping Consultants Ben Leonard mailing and physical

121 S Bristol Street

Sun Prairie WI 53590 USA 888-815-3327 Continental utilized various software packages and techniques to verify the accuracy of the data. Utilizing QCoherent’s LP360, Continental ran a survey to las check, followed by seamline analysis (swath to swath analysis) to verify the absolute and relative accuracy of the dataset. The survey to las check calculates the deviation between the survey point elevation and the point cloud elevation and exports an RMSE report. This check was ran by Continental, utilizing the provided control. This check was also ran by Compass Data Inc. utilizing the NVA points. The second check, calculates the deviation between the seamlines of the point cloud swaths. This check is performed in QCoherent’s GeoCue after classifying the initial ground. The output of the seamline analysis is represented visually on an intensity image. These images were delivered with the project deliverables. The third and final check, the Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (VVA) testing occurred after the ground classification has been completed. The VVA testing was performed by Compass Data, Inc. The field survey and aerial survey teams were deployed at the first opportunity based on availability of acceptable weather conditions and base personnel (for coordination). The area of interest contains subareas of dense vegetation which present fewer bare ground returns, higher variability, and potentially less accuracy than typical vegetated areas. Per the table below the survey accuracy results meet industry standards for both NVA and VVA based on the ground survey control points collected in December. Once all of the deliverables have been produced and verified, the data was moved to the Quality office for final review. The Quality Office verifies that the correct procedures were followed, tests the data, and verifies that all of the deliverables in the SOW are finished. Branch_control_ptxyz Source_Branch_Imagery 2017 Continental Mapping Consultants Ben Leonard mailing and physical

121 S Bristol Street

Sun Prairie WI 53590 USA 888-815-3327 Point Point State Plane Coordinate System 1983 2113 42.100000 43.666667 -84.366667 41.500000 13123333.333333 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.500000 0.500000 international feet North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.00 298.257224 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.01 feet Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Unknown mailing and physical address

500 C Street, SW.

Washington DC 20472 USA 202-646-4622 All rights to produced data belong to FEMA All rights to produced data belong to FEMA N/A None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the data set. N/A N/A 20170831 Continental Mapping Consultants mailing and physical address

121 S Bristol Street

Sun Prairie WI 53590 USA 888-815-3327 FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None None None Unclassified None None None