Red River Basin Mapping 2008-2009

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Frequently-anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title: Red River Basin Mapping 2008-2009
Abstract:
This LiDAR data is the result of private and government entities working together under the guidance of the International Water Institute (IWI) regarding the Red River Basin Mapping Initiative (RRBMI). Fugro Horizons Inc in cooperation with North West Geomatics, and Fugro EarthData acquired LiDAR with Leica sensor ALS50-II MPiA for the Red River Basin. The Red River Basin covers ND, MN, SD and flows into Canada. The US boundary covers 40,733 sq miles which is planned for acquisition between spring 2008 and Fall 2009. The spring 2008 LiDAR and film acquisition occured between April 18th and May 20th. The spring 2008 collection area was approximately 17,854 sq miles for LiDAR and 8,350 sq miles for the film. LiDAR sensor settings included acquisition at 8,000' AMT, 45 degree field of view, 6.626ft swath width, maximum along track spacing (occurs at FOV edge) of 2.56m in overlap areas, maximum cross track spacing (occurs at Nadir) 2.16 meter, average post spacing of 1.35m, point density (average) of 0.55 points per square meter, and area/point (average) of 1.82 m^2. This sensor was also equipped with IPAS inertial measuring unit (IMU) and a dual frequency airborne GPS receiver. Color film was acquired at 17,500' AMT and its accuracy can support 0.5m ortho photography. At this time, funding has not been approved to develop orthophotos or derivative products. Final deliverables for the LiDAR are in UTM zone 14 coordinate system NAD83(CORS96) NAVD88 Geod03 meters tiled 2,000m x 2,000m with an XY naming convention. *** BareEarth - Contains bare earth class 2, keypoints class 8, and red river class 9. LAS files have a leading "B" identifier *** First_returns - Contains LiDAR first return LAS files with a leading "F" identifier *** Flight Logs and jpgs *** Grids_ascii - 1m Arc Grid created from key points bare earth LiDAR with a leading "A" identifier *** Grids_integer - 1m Arc Grid, z in centimerters created from Grids_ascii with a leading "g" identifier *** Hybrid - Hybrid 1m pixel B/W tiffs with georeferencing created from LiDAR intensity and Raw LiDAR/hillshade, leading "H" identifier *** Metadata - Contains metadata file(s) *** processing_report - Includes RMSE's and acquisition details *** Raw - Raw LiDAR corrected to ground LAS files with a leading "R" identifier Intensity data and return will be included 2-ground, 6-building, 8 model keypoint, 9- water conditional on breaklines, 12 - overlap *** Spring 2008 Film AT Report *** Survey Report Blocks ABCD Detail - Surveyor field notes and pictures of control points Overview - Text file of the LiDAR control, and a Google Earth data file
Supplemental_Information:
INTERNATIONAL WATER INSTITUTE MISSION AND OBJECTIVES To provide a forum for collaborative research and communication relative to flood damage reduction and natural resource protection via basin universities, private industry, government agencies, and non-government organizations. Utilize technical and professional expertise to help resolve critical water management issues. Facilitate enhanced networking of research professionals from higher education institutions and federal, state, and local agency personnel, environmental groups, and citizens of the Red River Basin to cooperate in solving the critical water management and natural resource issues in the basin. Provide opportunities for faculty and students to receive education, perform research, and gain experience on subjects important to the region. Prepare student for future employment while providing valuable basic and applied research.
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Institute, International Water , 20080000, Red River Basin Mapping 2008-2009: RRBMI Red River Basin Mapping Initiative, International Water Institute, Fargo ND.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    The International Water Institute was conceived by the International Flood Mitigation Initiative (IFMI) in 2000. The Institute established an International Management Board in 2001 that was charged with the provision of oversight to the Red River Center for Watershed Education and the Center for Flood Damage and Natural Resource. The management board adopted a set of bylaws that clearly articulate the organizational mission and objectives and the roles of board members and staff. The Institute began working with Tri-College University, a collaborative (501c3) effort between North Dakota State University, Concordia College and University of Minnesota Moorhead to develop an administrative framework that preserved the Institute's International mandate and basin wide scope. Through agreements, Tri-College University provides administrative support and financial accounting to the Institute and serves as the non-profit vehicle for grant proposals.

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: +093.885241
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: +100.647025
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: +49.112226
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: +45.454503

  3. What does it look like?

    None (None)
    None

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Beginning_Date: 18-Apr-2008
    Ending_Date: 20-May-2008
    Currentness_Reference: Publication Date

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 14
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -099.000000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 500000
      False_Northing: 0.0

      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest .001
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest .001
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters

      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS 80).
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: NAVD83(CORS96)
      Altitude_Resolution: .001
      Altitude_Distance_Units: Meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: No correction
      Depth_Resolution: .001
      Depth_Distance_Units: Meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    1.4m LiDAR Acquisition and Processing for International Water Institue, Fargo ND 2008-2009.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    International Water Institute
    International Water Institute
    NDSU Dept 2850
    PO Box 6050
    Fargo, ND 58108-6050
    USA

    701.231.5266 (voice)

    Hours_of_Service: 8am to 5pm Mountain Time
    Contact_Instructions: <http://www.internationalwaterinstitute.org/contact1.htm>

Why was the data set created?

International Water Institute strives to develop partnerships to leverage the planned acquisition of LiDAR and imagery to better meet state, local, and federal needs and generate a freely accessible seamless high-resolution digital elevation model for the US portion of the Red River of the North Basin. One of the products of this effort is 1.4m average post spacing LiDAR and its derivatives. Imagery was collected for the main corridor of the basin for future utilization.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

    Georectifed LiDAR data sets (source 1 of 1)
    Institute, International Water , 20080000, <http://www.internationalwaterinstitute.org/>.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital copy
    Source_Contribution: Digital Georectifed LiDAR.

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: 2007 (process 1 of 1)
    AeroScan LiDAR timed reflection data and the IMU SOL flies were processed together using LiDAR processing software. The data set for each flight line was checked for project area coverage, data gaps between overlapping flight lines, and tension/compression areas (areas where data points are more or less dense that the average project specified post spacing). Using an iterative process that involves analyzing raster difference calculations the omega,phi,kappa angle corrections for the LiDAR instrument were determined. Corrections were applied to the LiDAR data set. Extensive comparisons were made of vertical and horizontal positional differences between points common to two or more LiDAR flight lines. An intensity raster for each flight line was generated and verified that intensity was recorded for each LiDAR point. LiDAR ground points were compared to independently surveyed and positioned ground control points at both the airport bore-sight area and the project area. Based on the results of these comparisons, the LiDAR data was vertically biased to the ground. (1) PRE-PROCESSING STAGE LiDAR, GPS and IMU data are processed together using LiDAR processing software. The LiDAR data set for each flight line is checked for project area coverage and LiDAR post spacing is checked to ensure it meets project specifications. The LiDAR collected at the calibration area is used to correct the rotational, atmospheric, and vertical elevation differences that are inherent to LiDAR data. Intensity raster is generated to verify that intensity was recorded for each LiDAR point. LiDAR data is transformed to the specified project coordinate system. By utilizing the ground survey data collected at the calibration site and project area, the LiDAR data is vertically biased to the ground. Comparisons between the biased LiDAR data and ground survey data within the project area are evaluated and a final RMSE value is generated to ensure the data meets project specifications. LiDAR data in overlap areas of project flight lines is removed and data from all swaths is merged into a single data set. The data set is trimmed to the digital project boundary including an additional buffer zone, which is typically about 50 feet (buffer zone assures adequate contour generation from the DEM). The resulting data set is referred to as the raw LiDAR data. (2) SURFACING STAGE The raw LIDAR data is processed through a minimum block mean algorithm and points are classified as either bare earth or non-bare earth. User developed "macros" that factor mean terrain angle and height from the ground are used to determine bare earth point classification. The next phase of the surfacing process is a 2D edit procedure that ensures the accuracy of the automated feature classification. Editors use a combination of imagery, intensity of the LiDAR reflection and tin-editing software to assess points. The LiDAR data is filtered, as necessary, using a quadric error metric to remove redundant points. This method leaves points where there is a change in the slope of surfaces (road ditches) and eliminates points from evenly sloped terrain (flat field) where the points do not affect the surface. The resulting data set is referred to as "preliminary bare-earth LiDAR" and is 2D surfaced and filtered as necessary. This data set is accurate for 5’ contours or preliminary 2’ contours. (3) 2D EDIT STAGE ( ONLY IF OPTIONAL 5.2.1 IS SELECTED AND NEGOTIATED AS A COST AND DELIVERABLE) The 2D surfaced bare-earth LiDAR data. Data points still present on structures or vegetation are removed and LiDAR data erroneously removed during the surfacing process can be replaced.

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    GPS phase data was post processed with continuous kinematic survey techniques using "On the Fly" (OTF) integer ambiguity resolution. The GPS data was processed with forward and reverse processing algorithms. The results from each process, using the data collected at the airport and in project area, were combined to yield a single fixed integer phase differential solution of the aircraft trajectory. The differences between the forward to reverse solution within the project area were within project specifications, indicating a valid and accurate solution. An IMU was used to record precise changes in position and orientation of the LIDAR scanner at a rate of 200 Hz. All IMU data was processed post flight with a filter to integrate inertial measurements and precise phase differential GPS positions. The resulting solution contains geodetic position, omega, phi, kappa, and time for subsequent merging with the laser ranging information.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    RMSE 1m

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

    Bare Earth 15cm RMSE

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    None

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    Tiling is based on the UTM14 coordinates.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: There are no limitations for access.
Use_Constraints:
None other than the International Water Institute asks to be credited in any derived products or services.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    TBD
    TBD
    TBD, TBD TBD
    USA

    TBD (voice)

    Hours_of_Service: 8am to 5pm Mountain Time
    Contact_Instructions: TBD
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    In no event shall the creators, custodians, or distributors of this information be liable for any damages arising out of its use (or the inability to use it).

  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 2007
Metadata author:
International Water Institute, Fargo ND
NDSU Dept 2850
PO Box 6050
Fargo, ND 58108-6050
USA

701.231.5266 (voice)

Hours_of_Service: 8am to 5pm Mountain Time
Contact_Instructions: <http://www.internationalwaterinstitute.org/>
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

Generated by mp version 2.9.0 on Mon Feb 02 15:31:15 2009