U.S. Geological Survey Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium 2003 tabular digital data http://seamless.usgs.gov "The all returns ASCII files contain the X,Y,Z values of all the LiDAR returns collected during the survey mission. In addition each return also has a time stamp, return number, ellipsoidal height and scan angle. The elevation values are in feet. TerraPoint surveyed and created this data for the Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium under contract." "The LiDAR all returns ASCII files can be used to create DEM and also to extract topographic data in software that does not support raster data. Other surface features can also be extracted with custom applications. This high accuracy data can be used at scales up 1:12000 (1 inch = 1,000 feet). LiDAR data has a wide range of uses such as earthquake hazard studies, hydrologic modeling, forestry, coastal engineering, roadway and pipeline engineering, flood plain mapping, wetland studies, geologic studies and a variety of analytical and cartographic projects." "The data is broken down into USGS quarter quads and then into 25 tiles within each quarter quad. A quarter quad index and tile index is available at www.pugetsoundlidar.org." Initial processing steps, accuracy reports and all information in quotation marks is taken directly from the original metadata document. 200301 200303 ground condition Complete As needed -120.93749976377 -120.87499976961 46.5625002440426 46.5000002258059 None. LiDAR Light Detection And Ranging ASCII text files all returns Pugest Xound LiDAR Consortium point cloud elevation data topography surface ALSM high-resolution FF raw data point cloud ISO 19115 Category imageryBaseMapsEarthCover geoscientificInformation location U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and their principal administrative divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard 10-4,): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology United States U.S. US U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 5-2): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology. WA Geographic Names Information System Washington State Yakima County Yakima Yakima River Ahtanum Creek Eastern Washington Washington None "Considerable care has been taken to see that these data and derived images are as accurate as possible. We believe most of the data is adequate for determination of flood hazards, for geologic mapping, for hydrologic modeling, for determination of slope angles, for modeling of radio-wave transmission, and similar uses with a level of detail appropriate to a horizontal scale of 1:12,000 (1 inch = 1,000 feet) or smaller and vertical accuracy on the order of a foot. Locally, the data is of considerably poorer quality. In the bare earth DEMs where there are few survey points (i.e. bare-earth surfaces in heavy timber, where there are few ground reflections), TINing the points produces large triangular facets where the surface has significant curvature. Similar, though finer, textures are evident where vegetation reflections are incompletely filtered. Elevations are likely to be less accurate in these areas. Top surface DEMs where project areas meet may have different vegetation heights. Survey projects are flown during winter leaf-off season; therefore adjacent project areas may be 1 or more years apart. Since vegetation is in a state of constant change it is expected to have differing vegetation heights in these areas. LiDAR data values for water surfaces are not valid elevation values. Lidar surveying produces few survey points on water. Mirror-like surfaces fail to scatter the laser beam and unless the beam is perpendicular to the surface, no light is reflected back to the detector. Or intense reflections may lead to negative blunders, points that are too low. Interpolation between the nearest on-land points and sparse water points produces large triangular facets that may not accurately reflect the water-surface elevation. Where the water surface is surveyed adequately, adjacent swaths may be flown at different tide stages, producing swath-parallel cliffs. Ideally, lidar topography would be clipped to eliminate all open-water areas, but at present this is very labor-intensive. User should carefully determine the place-to-place accuracy and fitness of these data for your particular purposes. For many purposes a site- and use-specific field survey will be necessary." There is no guarantee of warranty concerning the accuracy of the data. Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and that some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Acknowledgement of the originating agencies would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications they perform. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Please refer to http://www.usgs.gov/privacy.html for the USGS disclaimer. Jason Stoker USGS / EROS Senior Scientist mailing and physical address

USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation & Science

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198-0001 USA 605-594-2579 jstoker@usgs.gov U.S. Geological Survey and the Puget Sound Regional Council None Unclassified N/A Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722 "Elevations are recorded in floating-point feet and the vertical datum is NAVD88. There are no other attribute tables." "Puget Sound Lidar Consortium evaluates logical consistency of high-resolution lidar elevation data with three tests: examination of file names, file formats, and mean and extreme values within each file; internal consistency of measured Z values in areas where survey swaths overlap; and visual inspection of shaded-relief images calculated from bare-earth models. File names, formats, and values: All file naming convention and file formats are check for consistency. Internal Consistency Analysis This analysis calculates and displays the internal consistency of tiled multi-swath (many-epoch) LiDAR data. The input for this analysis is the All-return ASCII data, but it only uses the first returns. The data is divided into swaths, or flightlines, and they are compared with each other. Since the contract specifications require 50% sidelaps, it means that all areas should have been flown twice. The results of this analysis is to verify that the data was generally flown to obtain the 50% sidelaps, that there are no gap between flightlines and also that overlapping flightlines are consistent in elevation values. Visual inspection of shaded-relief images: During the visual inspection, hillshades are derived from the bare earth DEMs. The hillshades are examined for any obvious data errors such as blunders, border artifacts, gaps between data quads, no-data gaps between flight lines, hillscarps, land shifting due to GPS time errors, etc. The data is examined a scale range of 1:4000 to 1:6000. During this process we also compare the data to existing natural features such as lakes and rivers and also to existing infrastructure such as roads. Orthophotos area also used during this phase to confirm data errors. If any of these data errors are found, they are reported to TerraPoint for correction." "Elevation data has been collected for all areas inside project boundaries." "Not applicable for pure elevation data: every XY error has an associated Z error." "Puget Sound Lidar Consortium evaluates vertical accuracy with two measures: internal consistency and conformance with independent ground control points. Internal Consistency: Data are split into swaths (separate flightlines), a separate surface is constructed for each flightline, and where surfaces overlap one is subtracted from another. Where both surfaces are planar, this produces a robust measure of the repeatability, or internal consistency, of the survey. The average error calculated by this means, robustly determined from a very large sample, should be a lower bound on the true error of the survey as it doesn't include errors deriving from a number of sources including: 1) inaccurately located base station(s), 2) long-period GPS error, 3) errors in classification of points as ground and not-ground (post-processing), 4) some errors related to interpolation from scattered points to a continous surface (surface generation). Conformance with independent ground control points: Bare-earth surface models are compared to independently-surveyed ground control points (GCPs) where such GCPs are available. The purpose of the ground control evaluation is to assess that the bare earth DEMs meet the vertical accuracy specification in the PSLC contract with TerraPoint: The accuracy specification in the contract between the Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium and TerraPoint is based on a required Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 'Bare Earth' vertical accuracy of 30 cm for flat areas in the complete data set. This is the required result if all data points in flat areas were evaluated. Because only a small sample of points is evaluated, the required RMSE for the sample set is adjusted downward per the following equation from the FEMA LiDAR specification (adjusted from the 15 cm RMSE in the FEMA specification to 30 cm to accommodate the dense vegetation cover in the Pacific Northwest). During this step, the bare earth DEMs were compared with existing survey benchmarks. The differences between the LiDAR bare earth DEMs and the survey points are calculated and the final results are first summarized in a graph that illustrates how the dataset behaves as whole. The graph illustrates how close the DEM elevation values were to the ground control points. The individual results were aggregated and used in the RMSE calculations. The results of the RMSE calculations are the measure that makes the data acceptable for this particular specification in the contract." 30 cm or less in flat open areas "Root mean square Z error in open, near-horizontal areas, as specified by contract. Our assessment suggests that all data meet this standard. Accuracy may be significantly less in steep areas and under heavy forest canopy. Accuracy appears to be significantly better for data acquired in early 2003 and afterward, to which in-situ calibration has been applied." Lidar data were collected in leaf-off conditions (approximately 1 November - 1 April) from a fixed-wing aircraft flying at a nominal height of 1,000 meters above ground surface. Aircraft position was monitored by differential GPS, using a ground station tied into the local geodetic framework. Aircraft orientation was monitored by an inertial measurement unit. Scan angle and distance to target were measured with a scanning laser rangefinder. Scanning was via a rotating 12-facet pyramidal mirror; the laser was pulsed at 30+ KHz, and for most missions the laser was defocussed to illuminate a 0.9m-diameter spot on the ground. The rangefinder recorded up to 4 returns per pulse. Flying height and airspeed were chosen to result in on-ground pulse spacing of about 1.5 m in the along-swath and across-swath directions. Most areas were covered by two swaths, resulting in a nominal pulse density of about 1 per square meter. Unknown TerraPoint mailing address

1011 Western Ave

Seattle WA 98104 USA 206-464-5325 www.terrapoint.com Processing. GPS, IMU, and rangefinder data were processed to obtain XYZ coordinates of surveyed points. For data acquired after January 2003, survey data from areas of swath overlap were analysed to obtain best-fit in-situ calibration parameters that minimize misfit between overlapping swaths. This reduces vertical inconsistency between overlappoing swaths by about one-half. Heights were translated from ellipsoidal to orthometric (NAVD88) datums via GEOID99 Unknown TerraPoint mailing address

25216 Grogans Park Drive

The Woodlands TX 77380 USA 206-464-5325 www.terrapoint.com ASCII file generation All Point returns with all their attributes were directly exported into ASCII files. These were first divided into USGS quarter quads (3.25 minute by 3.25 minute) and then in 25 tiles per quarter quad. 2006 Puget Sound Regional Council mailing address

1011 Western Ave

Seattle WA 98104 USA 206-464-5325 The metadata were imported and updated for display through the Seamless Data Distribution System at <http://seamless.usgs.gov> 2006 U.S. Geological Survey Customer Service Representative mailing and physical address

USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation & Science

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198-0001 USA 605-594-6151 1-800-252-4547 605-594-6933 605-594-6589 custserv@usgs.gov 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT) Point North American Datum of 1983 with 1991 Adjustments (HARN) Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.000001 feet Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates "The delimiting format for these files is fixed width. The field names in corresponding order are: gpsweek, gpstime, x, y, z, total_return#, return#, scanangle, intensity, classcode gpsweek = GPSweek, refer to the GPS Calendar from NGS at www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/Gpscal.html gpstime = Time Stamp in seconds. Each GPS Week has 604,800 seconds and each day has 86,400 seconds. x = Easting Coordinate y = Northing Coordinate z = Orthometric elevation derived from the NGS Survey Geoid Model Geoid99. total_return# = total number of returns per pulse * return# = Return Number. Each pulse can have up to 4 returns. * scanangle = Scan Angle intensity = Light Intensity classcode = Classification code. (B = Blunder, G = Ground, V = vegetation, S = surface, buildings or structures, N = not ground, undifferentiated veg. bldg, struc) * Up to four returns can be recorded per laser pulse; total_return# is the total returns for a pulse (up to a maximum of 4). return# is assigned as a number from 1 to 7 in a scheme that identifies which return is the last return recorded for a pulse: 1 first return with subsequent returns detected 2 second return with subsequent returns detected 3 third return with subsequent returns detected 4 fourth return 5 first return with no subsequent returns detected 6 second return with no subsequent returns detected 7 third return with no subsequent returns detected" N/A U.S. Geological Survey Customer Services Representative mailing and physical address

USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation & Science

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198-0001 USA 605/594-6151 1-800-252-4547 605/594-6933 605/594-6589 custserv@usgs.gov 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT) The USGS "Distribution" point of contact is for questions relating only to the data display and download from this web site. For questions regarding data content and quality, please contact: Mr. Jason Stoker Senior Scientist USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation & Science phone: 605-594-2579 email: jstoker@usgs.gov Downloadable Data Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Data may have been compiled from various outside sources. Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards. This information may be updated without notification. The USGS shall not be liable for any activity involving these data, installation, fitness of the data for a particular purpose, its use, or analyses results. Arc/Info Export Format and/or ArcView Shapefile ArcGIS 9.1 ASCII 0.001 http://seamless.usgs.gov The URL <http://seamless.usgs.gov> provides a map interface that allows for data downloads within a customer defined area of interest. Zoom tools are available that can be used to investigate areas of interest on the map interface. The download tool allows the customer to capture layers from the map, utilizing the Seamless Data Distribution System process for downloading. A request summary page is then generated with the download layers listed. By clicking the "download" button on the summary page, a zipped file will be generated that can be saved on the customer's computer. The file can then be unzipped and imported into various user software applications. Not available for dissemination None Variable ESRI ArcGIS Suite and/or Arc/Info or other compatible software, and supporting operating systems. 2006 unknown 20060822 U.S. Geological Survey Customer Services Representative mailing and physical address

USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation & Science

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198-0001 USA 605/594-6151 1-800-252-4547 605/594-6933 605/594-6589 custserv@usgs.gov 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT) The above is the contact information for the USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science in Sioux Falls, SD. This is the digital data storage and distribution center for the USGS. Metadata information can also be obtained through online services using The National Map Viewer, at http://nationalmap.usgs.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None None None Unclassified None http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile